Writing Business Emails

Transcript:

Hello!

Today we look at writing business emails in English.

In general:

• We tend to avoid sending unnecessary replies (like “Thank you”) as they waste readers’ time;
• Do not use capital letters when writing words. They give the impression you are SHOUTING AT YOUR READER;
• Avoid using ‘emoticons’ in business emails like “:-)” for happy or “:-(” for sad;
• Do not use informal language, slang or abbreviations such as LOL (laugh out loud), BTW (by the way), or ASAP, or expressions like C\wt 2cu (can’t wait to see you). Continua a leggere →

Limited companies

Transcript:

Hello! Today we speak about limited companies in the UK.

The two main types of limited companies in the UK are private limited companies and public limited companies. They are called limited liability companies because shareholders are legally responsible for the debts of the company only to the amount of the nominal value of their shares, and nothing more. Continua a leggere →

Annual Accounts

Transcript:

Hello! Today we speak about Annual Accounts.

In the UK all companies are required to prepare annual accounts. These are also called ‘company accounts’ or ‘statutory accounts’ and the word ‘statutory’ tells us that there are required by statute, which means written legislation. Annual accounts are created from the financial records produced at the end of the financial year. The UK financial year starts on 6 April of one particular year, and it runs (decorrere) until 5 April the next year. This means that the financial year that will start on 6 April 2029, will end on 5 April 2030. Another name for ‘financial year’ is ‘tax year’. Continua a leggere →

Meetings

Transcript:

Hello! Today we speak about meetings.

Question:

What do we call the meetings that the directors of a company attend (partecipare a una riunione)? Continua a leggere →

Attorney-at-law vs Attorney-in-fact

Transcript:

Hello!

Today we look at the difference between an attorney-at-law and an attorney-in-fact.

First of all, you should know that the abbreviation for both is simply “attorney”, but there is a very big difference between these two figures.

An attorney-at-law is a lawyer who is authorised to practice law before a court. This term comes from England, where lawyers who were authorised to practice in the common law courts were known as attorneys-at-law. Continua a leggere →

Con quest’ultima pillola prima della pausa estiva Peter ci aiuta a mettere a fuoco la differenza tra here e there e le loro forme composte. Buona lezione! Ci rivediamo a settembre.

Here and there compounds

Transcript:

Hello!

Words like hereinafter or thereinafter, or hereby or thereby, or hereon or thereon could initially seem confusing to a foreign student of Legal English. They are, however, actually quite easy to understand.

Continua a leggere →

Subject Matter

Transcript:

In order for a valid trust to be set up, the property transfer must clearly meet what are known as the three certainties:

1. The Certainty of Intention;
2. The Certainty of the Subject Matter; and
3. The Certainty of the Object.

Continua a leggere →

The clear days rule

Transcript:

When we speak about company law, then the “clear days” rule should be understood. Continua a leggere →

Shareholder, Member or Holder of shares?

Transcript:

There are many types of companies in the UK, but it is very important to be aware of at least two, namely a Private limited company (Ltd) (assimilabile alla S.r.l italiana) and Public limited company (Plc) (assimilabile alla S.p.a italiana). A Private limited company cannot be listed (quotata) on a stock exchange and the general public cannot trade (negoziare) its shares. A Public limited company, however, has the potential to be listed on a stock exchange, although the vast majority are not, and never will be, listed. Continua a leggere →

Competition Law

Transcript:

Hello!
Matrimonial regimes, or marital property systems can be divided into two main systems, namely:

• The Separate Property System and
• The Community Property System

Many jurisdictions accept prenuptial agreements which are also called “prenups”  or “antenuptial contracts”. These will supersede many of the default marital laws that would otherwise (diversamente) apply in the event of divorce. Continua a leggere →

La pillola di Peter, anche questo mercoledì, introduce il tema (“Il mandato in vista della futura incapacità”) del Convegno in programma per venerdì 14 maggio 2021.

Lasting Power of Attorney

Transcript:

Hello!

We are probably all familiar with two forms of power of attorney, namely, (in Italiano non è necessario tradurre “namely”. Basta mettere due punti ” : “ ) a general power of attorney (procura generale) or a specific power of attorney (procura speciale), but there is also a third form called a lasting power of attorney (UK), or a durable power of attorney (USA). Continua a leggere →

La pillola di Peter, questo mercoledì, ci lancia direttamente nel tema del Convegno che abbiamo organizzato per il 14 maggio 2021. La protezione degli adulti incapaci ha complicati risvolti di diritto internazionale privato che saranno oggetto della relazione del prof. Franzina e che si affrontano meglio se si dispone di una buona padronanza dell’inglese giuridico.

Guardianship

Transcript:

Hello! People often ask me how they can translate “amministratore di sostegno“, “tutore“, and “curatore” in English..

Continua a leggere →

Damage vs Damages

Transcript:

Hello! Today we look at damage vs damages. Continua a leggere →