Fixed charges vs Floating charges

Transcript:

Hello!

Today we look at the difference between fixed charges and floating charges, but first of all we need to understand what a charge is. Continua a leggere →

Doctrine

Transcript:

Hello!
Please pay special attention when you come across the word “doctrine” in English because it may not mean what you think it does.

With reference to law, doctrine means a rule or a principal of law that has come into existence through the repeated application of legal precedents. This means that a doctrine comes into existence because numerous judges have applied a precedent many times over and now everyone knows that this is the way the law sees things, and this notion is now called a doctrine. There is no need to have statutory law on the matter because a precedent and doctrine already exist. Continua a leggere →

Construe

Transcript:

Hello!

Today we look at a great verb in legal English: Construe.

Construe is the legal English equivalent of interpret which is used in general English, but it has a more specific meaning. Continua a leggere →

Sign vs execute

Transcript:

Hello!

Today we look at the difference between sign and execute. Continua a leggere →

The closing statement

Transcript:

Hello! Today we speak about closing statements in the USA which are also known as settlement statements or settlement sheets.

Closing statements are used in real estate transactions to show which costs will be paid by the buyer, and which will be paid by the seller and they are required by law under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974. Continua a leggere →

Writing Business Emails

Transcript:

Hello!

Today we look at writing business emails in English.

In general:

• We tend to avoid sending unnecessary replies (like “Thank you”) as they waste readers’ time;
• Do not use capital letters when writing words. They give the impression you are SHOUTING AT YOUR READER;
• Avoid using ‘emoticons’ in business emails like “:-)” for happy or “:-(” for sad;
• Do not use informal language, slang or abbreviations such as LOL (laugh out loud), BTW (by the way), or ASAP, or expressions like C\wt 2cu (can’t wait to see you). Continua a leggere →

Limited companies

Transcript:

Hello! Today we speak about limited companies in the UK.

The two main types of limited companies in the UK are private limited companies and public limited companies. They are called limited liability companies because shareholders are legally responsible for the debts of the company only to the amount of the nominal value of their shares, and nothing more. Continua a leggere →

Annual Accounts

Transcript:

Hello! Today we speak about Annual Accounts.

In the UK all companies are required to prepare annual accounts. These are also called ‘company accounts’ or ‘statutory accounts’ and the word ‘statutory’ tells us that there are required by statute, which means written legislation. Annual accounts are created from the financial records produced at the end of the financial year. The UK financial year starts on 6 April of one particular year, and it runs (decorrere) until 5 April the next year. This means that the financial year that will start on 6 April 2029, will end on 5 April 2030. Another name for ‘financial year’ is ‘tax year’. Continua a leggere →

Meetings

Transcript:

Hello! Today we speak about meetings.

Question:

What do we call the meetings that the directors of a company attend (partecipare a una riunione)? Continua a leggere →

Attorney-at-law vs Attorney-in-fact

Transcript:

Hello!

Today we look at the difference between an attorney-at-law and an attorney-in-fact.

First of all, you should know that the abbreviation for both is simply “attorney”, but there is a very big difference between these two figures.

An attorney-at-law is a lawyer who is authorised to practice law before a court. This term comes from England, where lawyers who were authorised to practice in the common law courts were known as attorneys-at-law. Continua a leggere →

Con quest’ultima pillola prima della pausa estiva Peter ci aiuta a mettere a fuoco la differenza tra here e there e le loro forme composte. Buona lezione! Ci rivediamo a settembre.

Here and there compounds

Transcript:

Hello!

Words like hereinafter or thereinafter, or hereby or thereby, or hereon or thereon could initially seem confusing to a foreign student of Legal English. They are, however, actually quite easy to understand.

Continua a leggere →

Subject Matter

Transcript:

In order for a valid trust to be set up, the property transfer must clearly meet what are known as the three certainties:

1. The Certainty of Intention;
2. The Certainty of the Subject Matter; and
3. The Certainty of the Object.

Continua a leggere →

The clear days rule

Transcript:

When we speak about company law, then the “clear days” rule should be understood. Continua a leggere →

Shareholder, Member or Holder of shares?

Transcript:

There are many types of companies in the UK, but it is very important to be aware of at least two, namely a Private limited company (Ltd) (assimilabile alla S.r.l italiana) and Public limited company (Plc) (assimilabile alla S.p.a italiana). A Private limited company cannot be listed (quotata) on a stock exchange and the general public cannot trade (negoziare) its shares. A Public limited company, however, has the potential to be listed on a stock exchange, although the vast majority are not, and never will be, listed. Continua a leggere →

Competition Law

Transcript:

Hello!
Matrimonial regimes, or marital property systems can be divided into two main systems, namely:

• The Separate Property System and
• The Community Property System

Many jurisdictions accept prenuptial agreements which are also called “prenups”  or “antenuptial contracts”. These will supersede many of the default marital laws that would otherwise (diversamente) apply in the event of divorce. Continua a leggere →